HT 10 CBSE Yug Jani 24-25

Unit III: Natural Phenomena :

• Chapter - Light – Reflection and Refraction : Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature,principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life.

Unit IV: Effects of Current

• Chapter - Electricity Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.
• Chapter -Magnetic effects of current : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction. Induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.

Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour

• Chapter 1 - "Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of abalanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition,displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction.
• Chapter 2 - Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions, Generalproperties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm notrequired), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide,Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
• Chapter 3 - Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds.
• Chapter 4 - Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon.Homologous series.     
• Chapter 5 - Periodic classification of elements: Need for classification, early attempts at classification of elements (Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s Law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table), Modern periodic table, gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties.

Unit II: World of Living

• Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals. 
• Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health need and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’shealth.
• Heredity: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction;

Unit V: Natural Resources

• Our Environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS
1. REAL NUMBER

• Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of  Decimal representation of rational numbers interms of terminating/non-terminating recurring decimals.

UNIT II: ALGEBRA
1. POLYNOMIALS

• Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials.

2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

• Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of theirsolution, consistency/inconsistency.
• Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in twovariables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems.Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations

3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

• Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic
  equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship
  between discriminant and nature of roots

4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

• Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P.

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. LINES (In two-dimensions) 

• Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations. Distance formula. Section formula (internal division).

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY
1. TRIANGLES 

• Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.
• 1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other twosides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
• 2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallelto the third side.
• 3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
• 4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, theircorresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.
• 5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and thesides including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.
• 6. (Motivate) If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a righttriangle to the hypotenuse, the triangles on each side of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and to each other.
• 7. (Prove) In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of thesquares on the other two sides.

2. CIRCLES

Tangent to a circle at, point of contact
1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.
2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

3. CONSTRUCTIONS

• 1. Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally).
• 2. Tangents to a circle from a point outside it.

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY
1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY 

• Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of theirexistence (well defined). Values of the trigonometric ratios of 300, 450 and 600.Relationships between the ratios.

2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES (10) Periods

• Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.

3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES: Angle of elevation, Angle of Depression. 

• Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, 60°.

UNIT VI: MENSURATION
1. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

• Motivate the area of a circle; area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter / circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°and 90° only. Plane figures involving triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circle should be taken.)

2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES 

• 1. Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids,spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.
• 2. Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problems. (Problems with combination of not more than two different solids be taken).

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
1. STATISTICS 

• Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation and step deviation methodfor finding the mean to be avoided).

2. PROBABILITY 

• Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.